When in the beginning of the 1990s Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia gained independence their rulers began to build new collective identities and at the same time find new sources of legitimacy of their reign. The easiest way was to choose nationalism similar to the one in Europe of the 19th century to build new identities and master narratives in a manner of defining themselves against their neighbours, often in a profoundly negative way. Thus our publication contains not only a mere analysis of current history textbooks in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, but also recommendations for change. Our goal is by no means to find a single view of history in the South Caucasus, but to promote the principles of tolerance and respect for other nations, as well as to give room to different points of view and assessments of events and history itself.